Artwork credits
Chronology's cards are illustrated three different ways, and each deserves a different kind of credit. This page lists every one, with the artist and the original source where there is one.
Portraits of rulers and presidents
The four succession packs — 188 cards in all — are built on portraits, engravings and photographs that are in the public domain. Each was taken from Wikimedia Commons and rendered into the game's engraving style; the original is linked beside every card below, so you can see what it was made from.
Some names recur often enough to be worth naming here. The Scottish and early English lines lean heavily on Jacob de Wet II, the Dutch painter commissioned in the 1680s to paint the kings of Scotland for Holyroodhouse — the only complete portrait series that line has. The nineteenth-century US portraits come largely from Mathew Brady's photographic studio, and the earliest presidents from Gilbert Stuart.
- Jacob de Wet II — 15 portraits
- Natalis de Wailly — 4 portraits
- Mathew Benjamin Brady — 4 portraits
- Gilbert Stuart — 3 portraits
- George Vertue — 2 portraits
- Michael Dahl — 2 portraits
- Workshop of Anthony van Dyck — 2 portraits
- John Michael Wright — 2 portraits
- White House — 2 portraits
- Myrabella — 2 portraits
- School of Peter Lely — 2 portraits
- Godfrey Kneller — 2 portraits
A further 35 portraits come from works whose creator Wikimedia Commons records as unknown — mostly older engravings and manuscript illuminations, published long enough ago to be public domain regardless of authorship.
US Presidents — 47 portraits
| Card | Artist | Original |
|---|---|---|
| Andrew Johnson | Mathew Benjamin Brady | source |
| Chester A. Arthur | Abraham Bogardus / Adam Cuerden | source |
| Benjamin Harrison | Adam Cuerden | source |
| Joe Biden | Adam Schultz | source |
| James Buchanan | From Brady daguerreotype (Mathew Brady) (1822-1896) | source |
| Jimmy Carter | Department of Defense. Department of the Navy. Naval Photographic Center | source |
| Grover Cleveland | Popular Graphic Arts | source |
| Grover Cleveland | Napoleon Sarony | source |
| Bill Clinton | Bob McNeely, The White House [ 1 ] | source |
| Calvin Coolidge | Harris & Ewing | source |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | White House | source |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Frank O. Salisbury | source |
| Millard Fillmore | Mathew Benjamin Brady | source |
| Gerald Ford | David Hume Kennerly | source |
| James A. Garfield | Unknown; part of Brady-Handy Photograph Collection. | source |
| George H. W. Bush | David Valdez | source |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Brady-Handy Photograph Collection, Library of Congress | source |
| George W. Bush | Eric Draper | source |
| Warren G. Harding | Harris & Ewing, photographer | source |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | Mathew Benjamin Brady | source |
| Herbert Hoover | Underwood & Underwood | source |
| John Adams | Gilbert Stuart | source |
| Andrew Jackson | Ralph Eleaser Whiteside Earl | source |
| Thomas Jefferson | Rembrandt Peale | source |
| John Quincy Adams | Mathew Brady | source |
| John F. Kennedy | Cecil W. Stoughton | source |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | Arnold Newman | source |
| Abraham Lincoln | Alexander Gardner | source |
| James Madison | Gilbert Stuart | source |
| William McKinley | Unknown | source |
| James Monroe | Samuel Finley Breese Morse | source |
| Richard Nixon | Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations. U.S. Army Audiovisual | source |
| Barack Obama | Official White House Photo by Pete Souza | source |
| Franklin Pierce | Mathew Benjamin Brady / Adam Cuerden | source |
| James K. Polk | James_Polk.jpg : Brady, Mathew B., 1823 (ca.)-1896, photographer. derivative work: Superwikifan ( talk ) | source |
| Ronald Reagan | Michael Evans | source |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Adam Cuerden | source |
| William Howard Taft | Pach Brothers, restored by Adam Cuerden | source |
| Zachary Taylor | Zachary_Taylor_half_plate_daguerreotype_c1843-45.png : unknown, possibly Maguire of New Orleans derivative work: Bea o | source |
| Harry S. Truman | National Archives and Records Administration. Office of Presidential Libraries. Harry S. Truman Library. | source |
| Donald Trump | Shealeah Craighead | source |
| Donald Trump | Daniel Torok | source |
| John Tyler | George Peter Alexander Healy | source |
| Martin Van Buren | Mathew Benjamin Brady | source |
| George Washington | Gilbert Stuart | source |
| William Henry Harrison | Albert Gallatin Hoit | source |
| Woodrow Wilson | Harris & Ewing, photographer | source |
English & British Monarchs — 56 portraits
| Card | Artist | Original |
|---|---|---|
| Aethelred the Unready | Unknown | source |
| Alfred the Great | George Vertue | source |
| Anne | Michael Dahl | source |
| Athelstan | Unknown | source |
| Charles I | Workshop of Anthony van Dyck | source |
| Charles II | John Michael Wright | source |
| Charles III | White House | source |
| Cnut the Great | See Description (unknown) | source |
| Eadred | Unknown | source |
| Eadwig | Unknown | source |
| Edgar the Peaceful | Unknown | source |
| Edmund I | Unknown | source |
| Edmund Ironside | Unknown | source |
| Edward the Confessor | Myrabella | source |
| Edward the Elder | Unknown | source |
| Edward I | Unknown | source |
| Edward II | George Vertue | source |
| Edward III | William Bruges | source |
| Edward IV | Lucas Horenbout | source |
| Edward the Martyr | Unknown | source |
| Edward V | Lorenzo Lippi | source |
| Edward VI | Circle of William Scrots | source |
| Edward VII | W. & D. Downey | source |
| Edward VIII | Freeland Studio | source |
| Elizabeth I | Unidentified painter | source |
| Elizabeth II | Donald McKague | source |
| George I | Workshop of Godfrey Kneller | source |
| George II | Thomas Hudson | source |
| George III | Allan Ramsay | source |
| George IV | Thomas Lawrence | source |
| George V | Bassano Ltd | source |
| George VI | Matson Photo Service | source |
| Harold Harefoot | Unknown | source |
| Harold II | ~ | source |
| Harthacnut | Unknown | source |
| Henry I | Unknown | source |
| Henry II | Gerald of Wales | source |
| Henry III | Unknown | source |
| Henry IV | The National Archives UK | source |
| Henry V | Unknown | source |
| Henry VI | Poems and Romances (Shrewsbury book), illuminated by the MASTER OF JOHN TALBOT | source |
| Henry VII | Unknown | source |
| Henry VIII | Workshop of Hans Holbein the Younger | source |
| James I | Attributed to John de Critz | source |
| James II | School of Peter Lely | source |
| John | HISTORY OF ENGLAND by SAMUEL R. GARDINER | source |
| Mary I | Antonis Mor | source |
| Richard I the Lionheart | Vertue, George (British engraver and historian of British art, 1684-1756) (artist) (designer) | source |
| Richard II | anonymous / Possibly André Beauneveu | source |
| Richard III | Unknown | source |
| Stephen | Henry of Huntingdon ( Historia Anglorum ) | source |
| Victoria | Alexander Bassano | source |
| William I the Conqueror | Myrabella | source |
| William II Rufus | Matthew Paris | source |
| William IV | Martin Archer Shee | source |
| William III and Mary II | Godfrey Kneller | source |
Scottish Monarchs — 40 portraits
| Card | Artist | Original |
|---|---|---|
| Aed | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Alexander I | Unknown | source |
| Alexander II | Unknown | source |
| Alexander III | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Anne | Michael Dahl | source |
| Charles I | Workshop of Anthony van Dyck | source |
| Charles II | John Michael Wright | source |
| Constantine I | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Constantine II | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| David I | Unknown | source |
| David II | Alexander Bannermann | source |
| Donald I | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Donald II | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Donald III | George Jamesone | source |
| Duncan I | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Edgar | Charles François Toustain, René Prosper Tassin, Jean Baptiste Baussonnet | source |
| Indulf | Alexander Bannerman | source |
| James I | Unknown | source |
| James II | Unknown author to Georg (Jörg) von Ehingen | source |
| James III | Hugo van der Goes | source |
| James IV | Unknown | source |
| James V | Corneille de Lyon | source |
| James VI | Unknown artist of the Scottish school; attributed to Adrian Vanson or the school of Alonso Sánchez Coello | source |
| James VII | School of Peter Lely | source |
| John Balliol | Unknown | source |
| Kenneth I MacAlpin | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Kenneth II | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Kenneth III | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Macbeth | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Malcolm I | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Malcolm II | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Malcolm III Canmore | Alexander Bannermann | source |
| Malcolm IV | Unknown | source |
| Margaret, Maid of Norway | William Hole | source |
| Mary, Queen of Scots | François Clouet | source |
| Robert the Bruce | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| Robert II | Uncertain since the image is not credited. The author of the book itself died in 1924. | source |
| Robert III | Jacob de Wet II | source |
| William the Lion | The photo is not credited. | source |
| William II and Mary II | Godfrey Kneller | source |
French Monarchs — 45 portraits
| Card | Artist | Original |
|---|---|---|
| Charles the Bald | Comte Vivien - Moines de l'abbaye Saint-Martin de Tours, vers 850 | source |
| Charles the Fat | Unknown | source |
| Charles IV the Fair | Unknown | source |
| Charles IX | After François Clouet | source |
| Charles the Simple | Charles III, king of France (879-929) (depicted) | source |
| Charles V the Wise | Charles V, king of France (Charles Le Sage, 1338-1380) (depicted) | source |
| Charles VI the Mad | Attributed to Mazarine Master | source |
| Charles VII | Unknown | source |
| Charles VIII | anonymous / After Jean Perréal | source |
| Charles X | François Gérard | source |
| Francis I | Jean Clouet | source |
| Francis II | Attributed to François Clouet | source |
| Henry I | Natalis de Wailly | source |
| Henry II | Workshop of François Clouet | source |
| Henry III | Attributed to Étienne Dumonstier | source |
| Henry IV | Frans Pourbus the Younger | source |
| Hugh Capet | Unknown | source |
| John II the Good | Unknown | source |
| Lothair | Nicolas de Larmessin | source |
| Louis IV | After Charles de Steuben | source |
| Louis IX (Saint Louis) | Unknown | source |
| Louis Philippe I | Franz Xaver Winterhalter | source |
| Louis the Stammerer | After Louis-Félix Amiel | source |
| Louis VI the Fat | Natalis de Wailly (1805-1886) | source |
| Louis VII | Natalis de Wailly (1805-1886) | source |
| Louis VIII the Lion | Natalis de Wailly | source |
| Louis X the Quarreller | Unknown | source |
| Louis XI the Prudent | Jacob de Litemont | source |
| Louis XII | Workshop of Jean Perréal | source |
| Louis XIII | Philippe de Champaigne | source |
| Louis XIV the Sun King | Hyacinthe Rigaud | source |
| Louis XV | Workshop of Louis-Michel van Loo | source |
| Louis XVI | Antoine-François Callet | source |
| Louis XVIII | François Gérard | source |
| Napoleon I | Jacques-Louis David | source |
| Napoleon III | Alexandre Cabanel | source |
| Odo of Paris | Makers of the 13th-century Grandes Chroniques de France | source |
| Philip I | Natalis de Wailly | source |
| Philip II Augustus | Unknown | source |
| Philip III the Bold | Pierre-Jules Jollivet | source |
| Philip IV the Fair | Unknown | source |
| Philip V the Tall | Grandes Chroniques de France | source |
| Philip VI | Unknown | source |
| Robert II the Pious | Natalis de Wailly | source |
| Rudolph of France | After François-Louis Dejuinne | source |
Polish Monarchs
The Polish Monarchs pack uses the portrait series by Aleksander Lesser (1814–1884), the "Poczet" that has illustrated Polish rulers for generations. The portraits are public domain, and the card set follows the series: the two rulers Lesser never painted are absent, and the one he painted who is often left out is included.
Everything else
The remaining card illustrations — the base deck and the themed and national packs — are generated images, produced with Google's Imagen models in a consistent antique-engraving style. They depict historical events but are not reproductions of any particular artwork, and no existing image was used to make them.
Licences
Every sourced image on this page is in the public domain, either because its copyright has expired or because it was released without restriction. Public-domain status carries no obligation to credit, but the work is credited here anyway: these portraits are the reason the packs look the way they do.
If you believe an image is credited incorrectly or is not in fact public domain, please write to chronology@glonek.net.pl and it will be corrected or removed.